Subtle or Sudden? Why Stroke Symptoms Can Vary

Not all strokes look the same, which is what makes them so dangerous. While there are many signs to watch for, like sudden numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body, strokes do not always follow a predictable pattern. Some people experience classic warning signs, while others have only subtle symptoms that are easy to overlook. Recognizing stroke symptoms and acting immediately is crucial to save lives and limit long-term damage. The best stroke treatments can only be used within four and a half hours of the first symptoms, so getting the person to the hospital in time is vital to enhance chances of recovery.

Strokes are serious medical emergencies that occur when blood flow to the brain is blocked or there is sudden bleeding in the brain. The two main types of strokes are:

• Ischemic strokes - Occur when a blood clot blocks or narrows an artery leading to the brain, causing a reduction in blood flow. This type is the most common, accounting for approximately 87% of all strokes. Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) or mini-strokes are temporary blockages of blood flow to the brain that usually last only a few minutes and often serve as a warning sign of a full-blown stroke. About 12% of all strokes are preceded by TIAs, so do not ignore a TIA.

• Hemorrhagic strokes - Happen when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, causing bleeding in or around the brain tissues, leading to increased pressure and damage. Although less common, they are often more severe.

Understanding the differences between these types of strokes and their symptoms can help individuals and caregivers respond effectively in an emergency.

What are the 5 Warning Signs of a Stroke?

Call 9-1-1 immediately if one or more of the following symptoms appear suddenly:

• Sudden Numbness – Numbness or weakness in the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body
• Sudden Confusion – Difficulty speaking or understanding speech
• Sudden Trouble Seeing – Vision problems in one or both eyes
• Sudden Trouble Walking – Dizziness or loss of balance and coordination
• Sudden Severe Headache – An intense headache with no known cause

In some cases, stroke symptoms may be more subtle or unusual. These can include disorientation or memory loss, drowsiness, double vision, nausea, dizziness or vomiting.

The F.A.S.T. warning signs are essential for quickly and effectively identifying a stroke. The acronym stands for Face, Arms, Speech and Time; each component is a key stroke indicator. If you suspect someone is having a stroke, act F.A.S.T. and do the following test:

F - Face: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of the face droop?

A - Arms: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward?

S - Speech: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is the speech slurred or strange?

T - Time: If you see any of these three signs, call 9-1-1 immediately.

How to Fight Stroke?

The good news is that stroke is largely preventable. By making healthy lifestyle choices, you can significantly reduce your risk. Here’s how:

• Control high blood pressure, a significant risk factor for stroke
• Do not smoke, as tobacco use damages blood vessels and increases stroke risk
• Eat a healthy diet that is low in saturated and trans fats to support heart and brain health
• Be physically active to improve circulation and maintain a strong cardiovascular system
• Maintain a healthy body weight to lower the strain on your heart and blood vessels
• Manage diabetes through proper diet, exercise and medication if needed
• Drink alcohol only in moderation—or not at all—to protect your brain and overall health

Taking these steps can go a long way in preventing stroke and supporting a healthier future.